Hospital bed with patient weight and displacement sensors

ABSTRACT

A system for determining a location of a patient on a hospital bed comprising: at least one deformation sensor adapted to generate a signal indicative of a deformation of a frame of the bed; a location determination unit for determining a lateral and/or longitudinal location of the patient based on the deformation of the frame. A method for monitoring an exit of a patient from a hospital bed comprising: determining a patient location on the bed based on measured deformation and generating an alarm signal if the determined location is outside a predetermined area. A weight sensing system for a hospital bed having a base with a suspended frame suspended from a fixed frame comprising: a load sensor connecting the suspended frame and the fixed frame via a suspension member which is unsecured from the fixed frame to allow free vertical movement of the suspended frame relative to the fixed frame.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to patient support apparatuses such ashospital beds. In particular, the invention relates to patient supportapparatuses with improved weight and displacement sensors.

BACKGROUND OF THE ART

For various reasons, it may be desirable to determine the weight of thepatient lying on a hospital bed. Hospital beds typically comprise aplurality of load cells which are distributed across the area under asleep surface and are secured to a patient support frame which isprovided under the sleep surface.

Some beds comprise three or four load cells which are located generallyat the corners or near the perimeter of a sleep surface of the bed. Theload cells are generally provided on a patient support frame which islocated directly under the sleep surface. The load cells serve twopurposes: determining the weight of the patient by calculating a sum ofthe weight measured by each load cell, and monitoring patient positionon the bed by calculating which proportion of the total weight of thepatient is measured by each load cell. Examples of this type of bed areshown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,276,432 and 5,802,640.

In this type of arrangement, the load cells are configured to measureloads which are applied in a purely vertical direction on them. However,the patient support frame in most hospital beds comprise a plurality ofsections which can be angled relative to each other. In this case, theweight of the patient creates a load which is also angled. Additional“compensation” calculations involving trigonometry may therefore benecessary in order to determine vertical components of the loadcorresponding to the weight of the patient, which can introduceprecision errors in the measured weight.

Furthermore, these systems are costly due to the use of at least threeload cells. Their installation is also quite complex because they haveto account for mechanical hysteresis in the moving parts of the bedwhich can affect the precision of the weight measurements. Typically,the patient position system requires a lot less precision from thesystem than the scale system, but since both systems use the samesensors, the implementation of the patient position monitoring systemremains costly.

Other beds include external accessories which are surfaces including alarge number of load cells which are placed under the mattress ordirectly under the patient. An example of this type of bed is shown inU.S. Pat. No. 5,393,935. These accessories are frequently damaged andmust be replaced periodically. They must also be cleaned periodically,which further increases the cost of this technology.

To accurately measure weight using load cells, it may also be necessaryto reduce lateral forces applied on the load cell, which can causetorsion in the load cells and disturb the weight measurements. In orderto reduce these lateral forces, some solutions have been proposed,including rigidifying the frame to reduce deflection of the frame causedby bending and placing the load cells relatively close to the patient.However, these solutions can be costly and complex because they involveredesigning a large portion of the frame.

It has been proposed to mount the sleep surface on a movable frame andto movably connect the movable frame to a fixed frame which sits on theground with the load cells in order to isolate the purely vertical loadcreated by the weight of the patient. US Patent Publication No.2015/0157520, for example, uses elastic members to connect the twoframes together. However, this connection may still transmit somelateral forces to the load cells. Furthermore, a lateral push on theside of the bed may cause undesirable movement of the sleep surfacerelative to the fixed frame.

Examples of prior art hospital beds are described in U.S. Pat. Nos.4,926,951, 5,173,977, 5,859,390, 5,906,016, 6,362,439, 5,276,432,5,393,935, 4,974,692, 6,924,441, 5,802,640, 6,438,776, 7,253,366,7,703,158 and 8,921,717, and US Patent Publication No. 2015/0157520.

SUMMARY

According to one aspect, there is provided a system for determining alocation of a patient on a hospital bed, said hospital bed having apatient support assembly supported on a frame, said system comprising:at least one deformation sensor secured to the frame, said at least onedeformation sensor being adapted to generate a signal indicative of adeformation of said frame; a location determination unit operativelyconnected to said at least one deformation sensor for receiving thesignal therefrom and for determining at least one of a lateral andlongitudinal location of the patient on the patient support assemblybased on said deformation of said frame.

In one embodiment, each one of the at least one deformation sensor issecured to a longitudinal frame member of the frame.

In one embodiment, the system further comprises an output deviceoperatively connected to the location determination unit for generatingan alarm signal when the determined location is outside a predeterminedarea.

According to another aspect, there is also provided a method formonitoring an exit of a patient from a hospital bed, said hospital bedhaving a patient support assembly supported on a frame, the methodcomprising: providing at least one deformation sensor secured on theframe; measuring a deformation of the frame using the at least onedeformation sensor; determining a location of the patient on the patientsupport assembly based on the measured deformation; generating an alarmsignal if the determined location is outside a predetermined area.

In one embodiment, determining a location of the patient on the bedcomprises receiving from the at least one deformation sensor a signalindicative of a deformation of the frame.

In one embodiment, the signal comprises a voltage value.

In one embodiment, the location of the patient comprises at least one ofa transversal location and a longitudinal location.

According to another aspect, there is also provided a weight sensingsystem for a hospital bed, said hospital bed having a patient supportassembly mounted onto a base, said base having a fixed frame and asuspended frame, said fixed frame contacting the ground, said suspendedframe supporting said patient support assembly and being suspended fromsaid fixed frame, said weight sensing system comprising: at least oneload sensor connecting the suspended frame and the fixed frame, saidsuspended frame being vertically suspended from said fixed frame via theload sensor; at least one suspension member extending between the fixedframe and one of the at least one load sensor, each suspension memberhaving a lower end secured to one of the at least one load sensor and anupper end abutting the fixed frame, the suspension member beingunsecured from the fixed frame to allow free vertical movement of thesuspended frame relative to the fixed frame.

In one embodiment, each suspension member comprises a body located nearthe lower end of the suspension member for engaging the load sensor anda head abutting the fixed frame.

In one embodiment, the suspension member is inserted in a hole of thefixed frame, the hole having a first diameter and the head of thesuspension member having a second diameter larger than the firstdiameter to maintain the head above the fixed frame.

In one embodiment, the head of the suspension member is tapered towardsthe body of the suspension member and abuts an edge of the hole.

In one embodiment, the head of the suspension member has an upper endhaving the second diameter and a lower end having a third diametersmaller than the first and second diameters to allow the lower end ofthe head to extend below the edge of the hole.

In one embodiment, the head of the suspension member is conical.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Having thus generally described the nature of the invention, referencewill now be made to the accompanying drawings, showing by way ofillustration example embodiments thereof and in which:

FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a hospital bed, in accordance withone embodiment, with the elevation system in the lowered position;

FIG. 2 is a top perspective view of the bed illustrated in FIG. 1, withthe siderails removed and with the elevation system in the raisedposition;

FIG. 3 is a top perspective view of the bed similar to that shown inFIG. 2, with the patient support surface further removed to revealdetails of the construction of the bed;

FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the bed illustrated in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a right side elevation view of the bed illustrated in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a partial top front perspective view of the bed illustrated inFIG. 3 taken from the encircled area VI, enlarged to show details of thedeformation sensor assembly;

FIG. 6A is a partial top rear perspective view of the bed illustrated inFIG. 3 taken from the encircled area VI, enlarged to show details of thedeformation sensor assembly;

FIG. 6B is a partial top rear perspective view of the bed similar tothat shown in FIG. 6A, but with the casing exploded from the frame;

FIG. 7 is a schematic drawing of the deformation sensor shown in FIG.6B;

FIG. 8 is a diagram of a system for determining the location of a useron the bed shown in FIG. 1 based on a deformation of the frame;

FIG. 8A is a schematic drawing of the frame of the bed shown in FIG. 1,for illustrating the determination of a transversal and/or longitudinallocation on the frame using the deformation sensors;

FIG. 8B is a flowchart of a method for determining the location of auser on the bed shown in FIG. 1 based on a deformation of the frame;

FIG. 9 is a top plan view of the base for the bed shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 10 is an exploded top perspective view of the base shown in FIG. 9,with the suspended frame exploded away from the fixed frame;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the base shown in FIG. 9, takenalong cross-section line XI-XI;

FIG. 12 is an exploded view of a load sensor for the base shown in FIG.10, showing details of the connection of the suspended frame to thefixed frame via the load sensor;

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the base shown in FIG. 9, takenalong cross-section line XIII-XIII;

FIG. 14 is a top perspective view of a hospital bed, in accordance withan alternative embodiment;

FIG. 15 is a top perspective view of the hospital bed shown in FIG. 14,with the patient support surface, railings and bellows removed;

FIG. 16 is a partial top perspective view of the hospital bed shown inFIG. 15 taken from the encircled area XVI;

FIG. 17 is a schematic drawing of a deformation sensor in accordancewith an alternative embodiment; and

FIG. 18 is a top perspective view of a frame for a hospital bed, inaccordance with another alternative embodiment, with the frame mountedon an elevation assembly and a base.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring first to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown a hospital bed 100, inaccordance with one embodiment. The bed 100 comprises a head end 102, anopposite foot end 104 and spaced-apart left 105 and right 107 sidesextending between the head end 102 and the foot end 104.

Some of the structural components of the bed 100 will be designatedhereinafter as “right”, “left”, “head” and “foot” from the referencepoint of an individual lying on his/her back on the support surface ofthe mattress provided on the bed 100 with his/her head oriented towardthe head end 102 of the bed 100 and the his/her feet oriented toward thefoot end 104 of the bed 100.

The bed 100 includes a base 106, a patient support assembly 108 and anelevation system 110 operatively coupling the patient support assembly108 to the base 106. In the illustrated embodiment, the patient supportassembly 108 includes a frame 200 (best shown in FIG. 3) and a patientsupport surface 250 supported by the frame 200. In the illustratedembodiment, the patient support surface 250 includes an upper bodysurface or backrest 252, a lower body surface or lower body supportpanel 254 and one or more core body surfaces or core support panels 256,258 located between the backrest 252 and the lower body support panel254 for supporting the seat and/or thighs of the patient. In theillustrated embodiment, each one of the backrest 252, the lower bodysupport panel 254 and the core support panels 256, 258 can be angledrelative to the other panels. Alternatively, the patient support surface250 could comprise a single rigid panel extending between the head end102 and the foot end 104 of the bed 100 instead of multiple pivotablepanels.

Referring specifically to FIG. 1, the bed 100 further includes a patientsupport barrier system 120 generally disposed around the patient supportassembly 108. The barrier system 120 includes a plurality of barrierswhich extend generally vertically around the patient support assembly108. In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality of barriers includes aheadboard 122 located at the head end 102 and a footboard 124 disposedgenerally parallel to the headboard 122 and located at the foot end 104of the bed 100. The plurality of barriers further include spaced-apartleft and right head siderails 126, 128 which are located adjacent theheadboard 122 and spaced-apart left and right foot siderails 130, 132which are respectively located between the left and right head siderails126, 128 and the foot end 104 of the bed 100. Each one of the pluralityof barriers is moveable between an extended or raised position forpreventing the patient lying on the bed 100 from moving laterally out ofthe bed 100, and a retracted or lowered position for allowing thepatient to move or be moved laterally out of the bed 100.

The bed 100 may further include a control interface (not shown) forcontrolling features of the bed 100. The control interface could beintegrated into the footboard 124, into the headboard 122 or into one ormore of the siderails 126, 128, 130, 132. Alternatively, the controlinterface could be provided as a separate unit located near the bed 100or even at a location remote from the bed 100. In one embodiment, thecontrol interface is operatively connected to the elevation system 110to control the height of the patient support assembly 108 above thefloor.

Now referring to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, the frame 200 includes a pair oflongitudinal frame members 300, 302 and a plurality of transversal framemembers extending between the longitudinal frame members 300, 302. Inthe illustrated embodiment, the plurality of transversal members includea foot transversal member 304 located near the foot end 104 of the bed100 and an intermediate transversal member 306 which is disposed betweenthe foot transversal member 304 and the head end 102 of the bed 100.Alternatively, the frame 200 could include additional transversalmembers, or a single transversal frame member instead of a plurality oftransversal members.

Still in the illustrated embodiment, the frame 200 further comprises acore panel frame 310 secured to the left and right longitudinal framemembers 300, 302 and secured on top of the longitudinal frame members300, 302. The core panel frame 310 is adapted for receiving the coresupport panel 256 adjacent the backrest 252. More specifically, the sizeand shape of the core panel frame 310 generally correspond to the sizeand shape of the core support panel 256, and the core support panel 256can be secured to the core panel frame 310 using fasteners or adhesive,could be welded on the core panel frame 310, or could be secured usingany other technique deemed by the skilled addressee to be suitable. Inthe illustrated embodiment, the core panel frame 310 is generallyrectangular and elongated, and comprises parallel head and foottransversal members 312, 314 and a pair of parallel side members 316which extend between and connect together the head and foot transversalmembers 312, 314. The core panel frame 310 could be configureddifferently or, alternatively, the frame 200 may not comprise a corepanel frame, the core support 256 panel being instead secured directlyto the longitudinal frame members 300, 302.

Still referring to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, the elevation system 110 isconfigured to raise and lower the patient support assembly 108 relativeto the base 106 between a minimum or fully lowered position and amaximum or fully raised position. In one embodiment, the elevationsystem 110 is further configured to allow the patient support assembly108 to be set at any intermediate position between the fully lowered andfully raised positions. The elevation system 110 may further beconfigured to tilt the patient support assembly 108 in variousorientations.

More specifically, the elevation system 110 comprises a head elevationassembly 320 located near the head end 102 of the bed 100 and a footelevation assembly 330 located near the foot end 104 of the bed 100. Inthe illustrated embodiment, the head and foot elevation assemblies 320,330 are similar to each other. Specifically, the head and foot elevationassemblies 320, 330 are mirror images of each other. Therefore, only thefoot elevation assembly 330 will be described, with the same descriptionapplying to the head elevation assembly 320.

The foot elevation assembly 330 comprises a pair of pivoting leg members332 and an elevation actuator 334 connecting the base 106 to thepivoting leg members 332. Specifically, the elevation actuator 334 has alower end 336 pivotably connected to the base 106 and an upper end 338pivotably connected to a transverse elevation member 340 extendingbetween the pivoting leg members 332. Each pivoting leg member 332comprises an upper leg end 342 a, 342 b pivotably connected to arespective one of the left and right longitudinal frame members 300, 302and a lower leg end 344 pivotably and movably connected to the base 106.Specifically, the head elevation assembly 320 includes an upper leg end342 a and the foot elevation assembly 330 includes an upper leg end 342b.

Still in the illustrated embodiment, the foot elevation assembly 330further comprises left and right pivoting links 346 pivotably connectingthe base 106 to the left and right pivoting leg members 332. Eachpivoting link 346 has a generally dogleg shape (generally resembling theshape of a hockey stick) and has a lower end 500 pivotably connected tothe base 106 and an upper end 502 pivotably connected to a respectivepivoting leg member 332, as best shown in FIG. 5.

Referring specifically to FIGS. 3 and 4, the bed 100 further comprisesat least one deformation sensor adapted to determine a deformation ofthe frame 200, which can be used to determine a location of the patienton the bed 100 in order to help medical personnel monitor a patientlying on the bed, as will be further explained below. More specifically,the bed 100 comprises a left deformation sensor assembly 350 operativelyconnected to the left longitudinal frame member 300 and a rightdeformation sensor assembly 352 operatively connected to the rightlongitudinal frame member 302. Both the left and right deformationsensor assemblies 350, 352 are generally located at the same locationlongitudinally relative to the bed 100. In the illustrated embodiment,both the left and right deformation sensor assemblies 350, 352 aregenerally located halfway between the head end 102 and the foot end 104of the bed 100, as best shown in FIG. 4.

As shown in FIGS. 6 to 6B, each deformation sensor assembly 350, 352comprises a deformation sensor 600 secured to an upper planar surface650 of the corresponding longitudinal frame member 300, 302 and a casing602 covering the deformation sensor 600 to protect the deformationsensor.

Referring specifically to FIG. 7, the deformation sensor 600 comprises agenerally rectangular mounting plate 700 and a plurality of straingauges 702 mounted on the mounting plate 700. The mounting plate 700 iselongated and is disposed such that its longitudinal centerline C_(L) isgenerally parallel to a longitudinal axis A_(FM) of the longitudinalframe member 300. The mounting plate 700 further has two mounting holes704 located along the longitudinal centerline and adapted to receivefasteners (not shown) to secure the mounting plate 700 on the uppersurface 650 of the longitudinal frame member 300 such that the mountingplate 700 is deformed similarly to the upper surface 650 of thelongitudinal frame member 300. It will be appreciated that when adownward force is applied onto the longitudinal frame member 300, itsupper surface 650 is compressed longitudinally and therefore, themounting plate 700 and the strain gauges 702 mounted thereon are alsocompressed longitudinally.

Alternatively, the deformation sensor 600 could be secured to theunderside of the longitudinal frame member 300. It will be appreciatedthat when a downward force is applied onto the longitudinal frame member300, its underside is placed in tension (i.e. stretched longitudinally)and therefore, the mounting plate 700 and the strain gauges 702 mountedon the mounting plate would also be stretched longitudinally in thisembodiment. In another embodiment, the deformation sensor 600 could beconfigured to be mounted to a lateral surface of the longitudinal framemember 300 or to any other suitable surface of the longitudinal framemember 300.

In the illustrated embodiment, the deformation sensor 600 comprises fourstrain gauges 702, including two strain gauges 706 mounted parallel tothe longitudinal centerline C_(L) of the mounting plate 700 and twostrain gauges 708 mounted perpendicular to the longitudinal centerlineC_(L). In one embodiment, all four strain gauges 706, 708 are connectedtogether in a Wheatstone bridge in a full or complete bridgeconfiguration. It will be appreciated that this configuration provides arelatively high sensitivity to measure relatively small deformations ofthe longitudinal frame members 300, 302. Alternatively, the deformationsensor 600 may comprise only two strain gauges mounted parallel to thelongitudinal centerline C_(L) of the mounting plate 700 and connectedtogether in a Wheatstone bridge in a half-bridge configuration. Inanother embodiment, the deformation sensor 600 may instead comprise asingle strain gauge mounted parallel to the longitudinal centerlineC_(L) of the mounting plate 700 and mounted in a Wheatstone bridge in aquarter-bridge configuration. The single strain gauge could also be usedwithout a Wheatstone bridge configuration.

In one embodiment, the strain gauges 702 are glued on the mountingplate. Alternatively, the strain gauges 702 could be secured using anyother securing techniques known to the skilled addressee.

Referring back to FIGS. 6 to 6B, the casing 602 is generally rectangularand elongated, and has a foot end 604 located towards the foot end 104of the bed 100 and an opposed head end 606 located towards the head end102 of the bed 100. The casing 602 comprises a generally horizontal topwall 608, a pair of generally vertical lateral walls 610 and a head endwall 612 located towards the head end 102 of the bed 100. The casing 602is disposed such that the top wall 608 extends generally parallel to andopposite the planar upper surface 650 of the longitudinal frame member300 such that the lateral walls 610 extend between and connect togetherthe top wall 608 and the planar upper surface 650. In the illustratedembodiment, the casing 602 is further disposed such that its foot end604 abuts the foot transversal member 314 of the core panel frame 310,which closes off the foot end 604 of the casing 602. The deformationsensor 600 is therefore located between the top wall 608 and the planarupper surface 650 of the longitudinal frame member 300, and between thelateral walls 610 of the casing 602. In this configuration, the casing602 and the longitudinal frame member 300 together encase and protectthe deformation sensor 600 on all sides.

The casing 602 further comprises a generally rectangular mounting flange614 extending away from the head end 606 for mounting the casing 602 tothe upper surface 650 of the corresponding longitudinal frame member300. The flange 614 is disposed against the planar surface 650 and isfastened to the longitudinal frame member 300 using a fastener (notshown) which is inserted through the flange 614 and into thelongitudinal frame member 300. In one embodiment, the fastener is aremovable fastener such as a screw to allow the casing 602 to be easilyremoved, for example to perform maintenance on the deformation sensor600. It will be appreciated that in this configuration, the casing 602is secured to the longitudinal frame member 300 at a single attachmentpoint (i.e. the flange) instead of the lateral walls 610 being securedto the longitudinal frame member 300 along their entire length. Thisprevents the casing 602 from stiffening the longitudinal frame member300 locally near the deformation sensor 600, which may reducedeformations measured by the deformation sensor 600. Alternatively, thelateral walls 610 of the casing 602 may be secured to the longitudinalframe member 300 along their entire length by welding, gluing or anyother attachment technique deemed by the skilled addressee to besuitable.

In the illustrated embodiment, the deformation sensor assemblies 350,352 are located about halfway between the upper leg end 342 a of thehead elevation assembly 320 and the upper leg end 342 b of the footelevation assembly 330, as best shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. It will beunderstood that the deformation sensors 600 are placed at locationswhere the longitudinal frame members 300, 302 are likely to be deformedby a relatively large amount, in order to obtain a relatively clear andaccurate signal of the deformation from the deformation sensors 600. Inanother embodiment in which the frame 200 and the patient supportsurface 250 have a different configuration, the deformation sensors 600could be located at another location along the longitudinal framemembers 300, 302.

In one embodiment, the deformation sensors 600 may be connected to alocation determination unit 800 (shown in FIG. 8) via wires. In theillustrated embodiment, the casing 602 further has two openings 616located in the lateral walls 610 at the foot end 604 of the casing 602to allow wires (not shown) connected to the deformation sensor 600 topass therethrough. Alternatively, the casing 602 could have only asingle opening on one of the lateral walls 610. In another embodiment,the casing 602 may not comprise any opening, and the deformation sensor600 could be connected wirelessly to the location determination unit800.

Referring now to FIG. 8, the location determination unit 800 isconfigured for determining a location of the patient based on the signalreceived from the deformation sensors 600. In the illustratedembodiment, the location determination unit 800 includes a communicationunit 802 operatively connected to the deformation sensors 600 of theleft and right deformation assemblies 350, 352 to receive from thedeformation sensors 600 a signal indicative of a deformation of thelongitudinal frame member 300, 302 on which the deformation sensor 600is secured. The location determination unit 800 further comprises aprocessing unit 804 operatively connected to the communication unit 802for determining a location of the patient based on the signal receivedfrom the deformation sensors 600, as will be further explained below.The location determination unit 800 further comprises a memory unit 806operatively connected to the processing unit 804 for storing one or morevalue which can be compared to the signal received, as will also beexplained below. In the illustrated embodiment, the communication unit802 is further operatively connected to an output device 808 forgenerating an alarm signal in response to one or more selectedconditions.

In one embodiment, the location determination unit 800 comprises thecontrol interface of the bed 100. Alternatively, the deformation sensors600 may be connected to another unit which is distinct from the controlinterface.

Now turning to FIGS. 8A and 8B, a method for determining the transversallocation of a patient based on a deformation of the frame will now bedescribed in accordance with one embodiment.

In the illustrated embodiment, the left and right longitudinal members300, 302 of the frame 200 are spaced apart from each other by atransversal distance W. In one embodiment, the transversal distance W isabout 36 inches or 91.4 cm. Alternatively, the transversal distance Wcould be different.

When the patient is lying on the bed 100, specifically on a mattressplaced on the patient receiving surface, the weight of the patientcauses the longitudinal frame members 300, 302 to deflect downwardly. Inthe illustrated embodiment, the entire patient is modeled as a singleload application point corresponding to the center of mass of thepatient. A change in the transversal location of this load applicationpoint indicates a transversal displacement of the patient on the bed100.

According to 850, a deformation of the frame is measured using thedeformation sensors 600. Specifically, the location determination unit800 receives from each deformation sensor 600 a signal indicative of alevel of deformation of the longitudinal frame member 300, 302 on whichthe deformation sensor 600 is secured. In the illustrated embodiment,the signal comprises a voltage value, which varies as the longitudinalframe members 300, 302 are deformed. The ratio between the voltage valueVG of the left deformation sensor assembly 350 and the voltage value VDof the right deformation sensor assembly 352 is proportional to thetransversal distance of the load application point from a longitudinalcenterline C_(LF) of the frame 200. Therefore, the voltage values VG andVD being equal indicates that the load application point is on thelongitudinal centerline C_(LF) of the frame 200. When the loadapplication point is moved towards one of the left and rightlongitudinal members 300, 302 by a certain displacement distance, thevoltage value changes proportionally in the deformation sensors 600 ofboth of the deformation sensor assemblies 350, 352. This change involtage value may be referred to as “impedance change” or “voltagefeedback”. Specifically, the voltage value transmitted by one of thedeformation sensors 600 will be raised proportionally to thedisplacement distance and the voltage value transmitted by the other oneof the deformation sensors 600 will decrease proportionally to thedisplacement distance, such that the sum of the voltage values VG, VDremains constant.

In one embodiment, the voltage value is higher for the deformationsensor 600 closer to the load application point than the voltage valueof the other deformation sensor 600. For example, if the loadapplication point is closer to the left deformation sensor assembly 350,the voltage value VG of the deformation sensor 600 of the leftdeformation sensor assembly 350 will be higher than the voltage value VDof the deformation sensor 600 of the right deformation sensor assembly352. Alternatively, the voltage value may be lower for the deformationsensor 600 closer to the load application point than the voltage valueof the other deformation sensor 600.

According to 852, the transversal location of the patient on the bed100, modeled by the load application point, is then determined based onthe voltage values VG, VD of the deformation sensors 600, which areindicative of the measured deformation. In the illustrated embodiment,the transversal location of the load application point on the frame 200is measured from the right longitudinal frame member 302 towards theleft longitudinal frame member 300. Specifically, the transversallocation of the load application point is measured along an X-axis whichhas an origin located on the right longitudinal frame member, as shownin FIG. 8A. The transversal location of the load application point canbe calculated using the following formula:

$\begin{matrix}{{{Pos}(x)} = {W*\frac{VG}{{VR} + {VG}}}} & (1)\end{matrix}$

in which Pos(x) corresponds to the transversal location of the loadapplication point, W corresponds to the distance between the leftlongitudinal member and the right longitudinal member, VG corresponds tothe voltage value of the deformation sensor 600 of the left deformationsensor assembly 350, and VR corresponds to the voltage value of thedeformation sensor 600 of the right deformation sensor assembly 352.

Alternatively, the transversal location of the load application pointcan be calculated using the following formula:

$\begin{matrix}{{{Pos}(x)} = {W - \left( {W*\frac{VR}{{VR} + {VG}}} \right)}} & (2)\end{matrix}$

From the two formulas (1) and (2) above, it will be understood that alocation Pos(x) of 0 corresponds to the load application point beinglocated on the right longitudinal frame member 302. In this case, nodeformation is measured in the left longitudinal frame member 300 by thedeformation sensor 600 of the left deformation sensor assembly 350, anda maximum deformation is measured in the right longitudinal frame member302 by the deformation sensor 600 of the right deformation sensorassembly 352.

It will also be understood that a location Pos(x) of W corresponds tothe load application point being located on the left longitudinal framemember 300. In this case, no deformation is measured in the rightlongitudinal frame member 302 by the deformation sensor 600 of the rightdeformation sensor assembly 352, and a maximum deformation is measuredin the left longitudinal frame member 300 by the deformation sensor 600of the left deformation sensor assembly 350.

In one embodiment, if a load of more than 200 lb is applied at the loadapplication point, the change in voltage value may not be proportionalto the transversal displacement distance of the load application pointanymore, because the weight of the patient may not be modeled by asingle load application point. More specifically, the voltage value ofone of the deformation sensors 600 may be raised by a first value, andthe voltage value of the other one of the deformation sensors maydecrease by a second value which is different from the first value. Inthis embodiment, the transversal location Pos(x) can be determined withsubstantial accuracy by calculating an average of a first transversallocation value determined using the voltage value VG of the leftdeformation sensor assembly 350 and a second transversal location valuedetermined using the voltage value VR of the right deformation sensorassembly 352. Specifically, the transversal location Pos(x) of the loadapplication point can be calculated using the following formula:

$\begin{matrix}{{{Pos}(x)} = {\frac{1}{2}W*\left( {1 + \frac{{VG} - {VR}}{{VG} + {VR}}} \right)}} & (3)\end{matrix}$

The transversal position of the load application point, and therefore ofthe patient, on the bed 100, can be monitored in order to detect thepatient moving to one or more predetermined location on the bed 100. Inone embodiment, a bed exit alarm is activated when the transversalposition of the load application point is displaced within apredetermined range of the longitudinal frame members 300, 302, andtherefore of the sides 105, 107 of the bed 100. The bed exit alarm couldfirst require the bed 100 to be set in a bed exit alarm mode, throughthe control interface for example. The bed exit alarm could also beprogrammed such that a patient may be able to climb into the bed 100 onhis own but may need to be supervised when exiting the bed 100. Entry ofthe patient on the bed 100 could be detected by the deformation sensors600. A timer can be preset by a user through the control interface todetermine an appropriate time for the patient to climb, settle in andstabilize his position in the bed 100. After that elapsed time, if thedeformation sensors detect a substantial displacement of the weight ofthe patient toward one side 105, 107 of the bed 100, the alarm can betriggered.

In the illustrated embodiment, the bed exit alarm comprises an alarmsignal generated by the output device 808. The alarm signal could be anaudible signal, a visual signal such as a light being turned on or alight flashing, an indicator on a display, or any other type of signalknown to the skilled addressee.

In one embodiment, the location determination unit 800 first determinesa transversal location of the patient on the bed 100. More specifically,the location determination unit 800 determines the transversal locationPos(x) using an appropriate one of formula (1), (2) and (3) above.

According to 854, the transversal location Pos(x) is then compared to apredetermined minimum threshold value Pos(x)_(min) and a predeterminedmaximum threshold value Pos(x)_(max).

According to 856, if the transversal location Pos(x) is lower than thepredetermined minimum threshold value Pos(x)_(min), then the bed exitalarm is activated. Similarly, if the transversal location Pos(x) ishigher than the predetermined maximum threshold value Pos(x)_(max), thenthe bed exit alarm is activated as well. When the bed 100 is in the bedexit alarm mode, the location determination unit 800 may continuouslymonitor the transversal location of the patient on the bed 100 andcompare this location to the minimum and maximum threshold valuesPos(x)_(min), Pos(x)_(max). Alternatively, the transversal locationcould only be compared to the minimum and maximum threshold valuesPos(x)_(min), Pos(x)_(max) when displacement is detected on the bed 100by the deformation sensors 600.

The control interface may be used to allow the user to set the minimumand maximum threshold values Pos(x)_(min), Pos(x)_(max) in accordancewith a desired condition in which the bed exit alarm is to be activated.

In one configuration, the minimum threshold value Pos(x)_(min) is 4inches or 10.2 cm and the maximum threshold value Pos(x)_(max) is (W−4inches) or (W−10.2 cm). In an embodiment in which the distance W betweenthe left and right longitudinal members is 36 inches or 91.4 cm, themaximum threshold value Pos(x)_(max) is therefore 32 inches or 81.3 cm.In this configuration, the bed exit alarm is activated when the loadapplication point is displaced within 4 inches or 10.2 cm of the left orright longitudinal frame members 300, 302, which corresponds to thepatient most likely having the intention of exiting the bed 100.

In another configuration, the minimum threshold value Pos(x)_(min) is((W/2)−1 inch) or ((W/2)−2.5 cm) and the maximum threshold valuePos(x)_(max) is ((W/2)+1 inch) or ((W/2+2.5 cm). In an embodiment inwhich the distance W between the left and right longitudinal members is36 inches or 91.4 cm, the minimum threshold value Pos(x)_(min) istherefore 17 inches or 43.2 cm and the maximum threshold valuePos(x)_(max) is 19 inches or 48.3 cm. In this configuration, the bedexit alarm is activated when the load application point is displacedwithin 1 inch or 2.5 cm from the longitudinal centerline C_(LF) of theframe 200, which corresponds to the patient having just woken up andstirring in the bed 100.

In yet another configuration, the minimum threshold value Pos(x)_(min)is 0 and the maximum threshold value Pos(x)_(max) is W (i.e. thedistance between the left and right longitudinal members 300, 302). Inan embodiment in which the distance W between the left and rightlongitudinal members 300, 302 is 36 inches or 91.4 cm, the maximumthreshold value Pos(x)_(max) is therefore 36 inches or 91.4 cm. It willbe appreciated that in this configuration, at least one of the voltagevalues VG, VR is a negative value, corresponding to a case where atleast one of the longitudinal frame members 300, 302 is deflectedupwardly or laterally. This may also correspond to a case where at leastone of the deformation sensors 600 is malfunctioning.

In one embodiment, the location determination unit 800 could beconfigured to measure a rate of variation of the transversal location ofthe load application point as a function of time, to thereby determine atransversal displacement speed of the load application point. In thisembodiment, a displacement speed alarm could be activated if thedetermined displacement speed exceeds a predetermined maximum speedthreshold. In another embodiment, a weight change alarm may further beactivated in response to a change in the sum of the voltage value VGfrom the deformation sensor 600 of the left deformation sensor assembly350 and of the voltage value VR from the deformation sensor 600 of theright deformation sensor assembly 352, which corresponds to weight beingadded to or removed from the bed 100.

In one embodiment, a patient may be able to enter and exit the bed 100without supervision but the patient may only be allowed to leave the bed100 for a predetermined duration (e.g. to go to the bathroom). The exitof the patient is detected by the deformation sensors 600 and a timer isstarted when the patient exits the bed 100. If the deformation sensors600 detect that the patient re-enters the bed 100 within thepredetermined duration, no alarm is activated and the timer is resetuntil the next exit by the patient. If the deformation sensors 600 donot detect that the patient re-enters the bed 100 within thepredetermined duration, a prolonged exit alarm is activated.

In one embodiment, the location determination unit 800 can further beconfigured to determine if a patient moves sufficiently while positionedon the bed 100. More specifically, the location determination unit 800may be adapted to monitor the displacement of the patient on the bed 100over an extended period of time. A bedsore alarm may be triggered if thepatient does not move by at least a predetermined amount over apredetermined period. It will be appreciated that this may help toprevent the patient from developing bed sores.

In one embodiment, the bed exit alarm, the displacement speed alarm, theprolonged exit alarm described above include one or more notificationsthat can appear or be emitted on a medical staff interface which islocated on the bed 100, near the bed 100 and/or at a remote stafflocation. In an example embodiment, the notifications appear on a screenwhich is located near the bed 100 and a visual and auditory alarm isfurther emitted at a medical staff interface located away from the bed100, where medical staff on duty are likely to notice the alarms.Communication with the medical staff interface can be made via a wiredor wireless connection.

Furthermore, information about the patient can also be displayed on thesame interface to help the medical staff in identifying which alarmswould be appropriate for the patient in care. The visual notificationscan be presented as icons, for example a “Fall Risk” icon can bedisplayed on the user interface to warn the medical staff that thispatient may fall off the bed 100 during an unsupervised exit. Theseicons can be presented continuously or as a screen saver display, withmovement or blinking features.

In the illustrated embodiment, the deformation sensors 600 may also beused to determine a longitudinal location of the patient on the bed 100.As explained above, the deformation sensor assemblies 350, 352 arelocated about halfway between the upper leg end 342 a of the headelevation assembly 320 and the upper leg end 342 b of the foot elevationassembly 330, which is the location where the largest deformations maybe sensed. Furthermore, this is also the longitudinal location on theframe 200 where a load applied on the frame 200 will cause the biggestdeformation or deflection in the longitudinal frame members. As the loadis moved towards the upper leg end 342 a of the head elevation assembly320 or towards the upper leg end 342 b of the foot elevation assembly330, the deformation sensed in the longitudinal frame members 300, 302will decrease. Therefore, as the patient moves towards the head end 102or the foot end 104 of the bed 100, the load application point will moveas well towards the head end 102 or foot end 104 of the bed 100, causingthe longitudinal frame members 300, 302 to undergo less deflection. Thisin turn causes the sum of the voltage value VG and the voltage value VRto decrease just as if weight was removed from the frame 200.

In the illustrated embodiment, the upper leg end 342 a of the headelevation assembly 320 and the upper leg end 342 b of the foot elevationassembly 320 are spaced from each other by a longitudinal distance L. Inthe illustrated embodiment, the longitudinal distance L is shorter thanthe longitudinal frame members 300, 302. More specifically, thelongitudinal frame members 300, 302 extends longitudinally beyond theupper leg end 342 a of the head elevation assembly 320 towards the headend 102 of the bed 100 and beyond the upper leg end 342 b of the footelevation assembly 330 towards the foot end 104 of the bed 100, as bestshown in FIGS. 3 to 5.

In one embodiment, the longitudinal distance L is about 68 inches or172.7 cm, and the length of the longitudinal frame members 300, 302 isabout 80 inches or 203.2 cm. Alternatively, the longitudinal distance Land the length of the longitudinal frame members 300, 302 could bedifferent.

In the illustrated configuration, a load applied beyond the upper legend 342 a of the head elevation assembly 320 or beyond the upper leg end342 b of the foot elevation assembly 330 generates substantially verylittle deformation or deflection in the center of the frame 200. It willtherefore be understood that accessories such as IV bags, pumps, panels,linen can be added or removed from the head end 102 or foot end 104 ofthe bed 100 without their mass significantly altering the determinationof the longitudinal location of the patient.

In one embodiment, an initial voltage value VGA and an initial voltagevalue VRA are first measured. These initial voltage values VGA and VRAmay be measured when the patient is lying on the bed 100 in a normalresting position.

The longitudinal location of the load application point can becalculated using the following formula:

$\begin{matrix}{{{Pos}(y)} = {\frac{L}{2}*\left( \frac{{VG} + {VR}}{{VGA} + {VRA}} \right)}} & (4)\end{matrix}$

in which L is the distance between the upper leg end 342 a of the headelevation assembly 320 and the upper leg end 342 b of the foot elevationassembly 330, VG is the voltage value of the deformation sensor 600 ofthe left deformation sensor assembly 350, VR is the voltage value of thedeformation sensor 600 of the right deformation sensor assembly 352, VGAis the initial voltage value of the deformation sensor 600 of the leftdeformation sensor assembly 350 and VRA is the initial voltage value ofthe deformation sensor 600 of the right deformation sensor assembly 352.

It will be understood from the formula (4) above that a displacement ofthe load application point from a transversal centerline C_(LT) of theframe 200 towards one of the head end 102 and the foot end 104 causes adecrease in voltage in both deformation sensors 600. It will beappreciated that this decrease is a scalar value and therefore does notprovide an indication of a longitudinal direction in which the loadapplication point is displaced.

It will also be understood that the longitudinal location Pos(y) inwhich measurements of the initial voltage values VGA, VRA is L/2, andthat the longitudinal location Pos(y) of the upper leg end 342 a of thehead elevation assembly 320 and the upper leg end 342 b of the footelevation assembly 330, where no deformation is measured by thedeformation sensors 600, is 0. In one embodiment in which thelongitudinal distance L is about 68 inches or 172.7 cm, the longitudinallocation Pos(y) which corresponds to L/2 is 34 inches or 86.4 cm.

In one example, the initial voltage values VGA, VRA are measured whenthe load application point is at the transversal centerline C_(LT)between the upper leg end 342 a of the head elevation assembly 320 andthe upper leg end 342 b of the foot elevation assembly 330. If the loadapplication point is not at this longitudinal center when the initialvoltage values VGA, VRA are measured, the location at which the initialvoltage values VGA, VRA are measured is still considered to be L/2 andthe calculated distances may be scaled accordingly. For example, if theinitial voltage values VGA, VRA are measured when the load applicationpoint is located at 10 inches or 25.4 cm from the upper leg end 342 a ofthe head elevation assembly 320, the location determination unit 800will consider that this longitudinal location Pos(y) corresponds to L/2,in accordance with formula (4). Therefore, if a value of L of 68 inchesor 172.7 cm was inputted in the location determination unit 800, thelocation determination unit 800 will consider that the initiallongitudinal location Pos(y), which is in reality at 10 inches or 25.4cm, is at 34 inches or 86.4 cm. Furthermore, the location determinationunit 800 will still consider the longitudinal location Pos(y) of the topend of the head elevation assembly to be 0. Therefore, the locationdetermination unit 800 may, in this case, consider a distance of 10inches or 25.4 cm to be in fact a distance of 34 inches or 86.4 cm.

In some circumstances, it may be desirable to reduce or eliminate thisscaling. For this purpose, the value of L/2 may be re-determinedperiodically in a closed-loop fashion such that the value of L/2 used todetermine the longitudinal location Pos(y) of the patient will besubstantially close to the real value of L/2 (i.e. half the distance Lbetween the upper leg end 342 a of the head elevation assembly 320 andthe upper leg end 342 b of the foot elevation assembly 330). It will beunderstood that if the initial voltage values VGA, VRA are measured whenthe load application point is not centered on the bed 100 and the loadapplication point is subsequently displaced towards the transversalcenterline C_(LT) of the bed 100, the longitudinal location Pos(y) willbe larger than L/2. In one embodiment, the location determination unit800 is configured for periodically measuring the longitudinal locationPos(y) and comparing it with the currently stored value of L/2. If themeasured longitudinal location Pos(y) is larger than the currentlystored value of L/2, the location determination unit 800 determines thatthe current longitudinal location Pos(y) of the load application pointis closer to the longitudinal center of the bed 100 and the measuredlongitudinal location Pos(y) becomes the new L/2. In this configuration,the stored value of L/2 therefore converges towards the real value ofL/2.

In one embodiment, the determination of the longitudinal location of thepatient is used to activate the bed exit alarm to activate the alarmwhen the patient exits the bed 100 from the upper end 102 or foot end104 of the bed 100. The location determination unit 800 first determinesa longitudinal location of the patient on the bed 100. Morespecifically, the location determination unit 800 determines thelongitudinal location Pos(y) using formula (4) above. If thelongitudinal location Pos(y) is lower than 0, then the bed exit alarm isactivated. In this configuration, the bed exit alarm is activated whenthe load application point is displaced beyond the upper leg end 342 aof the head elevation assembly 320 towards the head end 102 of the bed100 or beyond the upper leg end 342 b of the foot end elevation assembly330 towards the foot end 104 of the bed 100, which corresponds to thepatient exiting the bed 100.

In another configuration, the minimum threshold value is 4 inches or10.2 cm. In this configuration, the bed exit alarm is activated when theload application point is displaced within 4 inches or 10.2 cm of theupper leg end 342 a of the head elevation assembly 320 or of the upperleg end 342 b of the foot elevation assembly 330, which corresponds tothe patient most likely having the intention of exiting the bed 100.

In yet another configuration, the minimum threshold value is ((L/2)−1inch) or ((L/2)−2.5 cm). In an embodiment in which the distance Lbetween the upper leg end 342 a of the head elevation assembly 320 andthe upper leg end 342 b of the foot elevation assembly 330 is 68 inchesor 172.7 cm, the minimum threshold value is therefore 33 inches or 83.8cm. In this configuration, the bed exit alarm is activated when the loadapplication point is displaced within 1 inch or 2.5 cm from thetransversal centerline C_(LT) of the bed 100, which corresponds to thepatient having just woken up and stiffing in the bed 100.

In one embodiment, the location determination unit 800 is furtheroperatively connected to one or more actuators of the bed 100 to controlthe actuators in relation to the transversal and/or longitudinallocation of the patient in the bed 100. For example, the bed 100 maycomprise a backrest actuator adapted to pivot the backrest 252 relativeto the frame 200, and a lower body actuator for pivoting the lower bodysupport panel 254 and the core support panel 258 adjacent the lower bodysupport panel 254. The location determination unit 800 may be configuredto stop actuation of these actuators if a determination that the patientis exiting the bed 100 is made. Alternatively, the processing unit maybe configured to stop actuation of these actuators if a determinationthat the patient is at a predetermined location on the bed 100, such asa certain distance from the edge of the bed 100. By stopping actuationof the actuators before the patient exits the bed, injuries to thepatient may be prevented.

In one embodiment, the bed 100 may further comprise a plurality ofwheels 150 (shown in FIG. 1) and an electrical brake system (not shown)operatively coupled to the wheels 150. The electrical brake system couldbe operatively connected to the location determination unit 800 and beconfigured to immobilize the bed 100 by activating the electrical brakesystem when the weight of the patient shifts on the bed 100. Forexample, if a patient tries to enter the bed 100 and leans on the bed100 to climb in, the weight displacement assembly would notice a suddenweight on one side of the bed 100 and could trigger the electrical brakesystem.

Now referring to FIGS. 14 to 16, there is shown a hospital bed 1400 inaccordance with an alternative embodiment. In this embodiment, the headand foot elevation assemblies are replaced by head and foot hydraulicjacks 1402, 1404 which can be raised and lowered to selectively raise,lower and tilt the bed 1400. The bed 1400 comprises a base 1406 and apatient support assembly 1408 connected to the base 1406 via thehydraulic jacks 1402, 1404.

As best shown in FIG. 15, the patient support assembly 1408 comprises aframe 1500 generally similar to the frame of the bed shown in FIGS. 1 to6B. More specifically, the frame 1500 comprises a head end 1502, a footend 1504, a left longitudinal frame member 1506 and a right longitudinalframe member 1508. Each hydraulic jack 1402, 1404 comprises a cylinder1510 which extends generally vertically from the base 1406, a piston rod1512 and a cross-member 1514 secured on the piston rod 1512 such thatthe piston rod 1512 and the cross-member 1514 define a T-shapedconfiguration. The cross-member 1514 of the head hydraulic jack 1402extends between and connects together the left and right longitudinalframe members 1506, 1508 near the head end 1502 of the frame 1500.Similarly, the cross-member 1514 of the foot hydraulic jack 1404 extendsbetween and connects together the left and right longitudinal framemembers 1506, 1508 near the foot end 1504 of the frame 1500.

In the illustrated embodiment, the bed 1400 further comprises a leftdeformation sensor 1550 and a right deformation sensor 1552. The leftdeformation sensor 1550 is secured on the cross-member 1514 of the headhydraulic jack 1402 near the left longitudinal member 1506 and the rightdeformation sensor 1552 is secured on the cross-member 1514 of the headhydraulic jack 1402 near the right longitudinal member 1508. Eachdeformation sensor 1550, 1552 is generally disposed parallel to thelongitudinal axis of the cross-member 1514, and is therefore disposedtransversely relative to the frame 1500. The left and right deformationsensors 1550, 1552 are generally similar to the deformation sensors 600illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 7 and described above. In this configuration,the deformation sensors 1550, 1552 are adapted for measuringdeformations in the cross-member 1514, which could be caused by a loadbeing applied on the cross-member 1514 directly or on the left and rightlongitudinal frame members 1506, 1508 connected to the cross-member1514. In one embodiment, the deformation sensors 1550, 1552 are adaptedto determine the transversal location Pos(x) using substantially thesame method described above. Similarly, the deformation sensors 1550,1552 could be adapted to determine the longitudinal location Pos(y) alsousing substantially the same method described above. Alternatively, thedeformation sensors 1550, 1552 could be adapted to determine thetransversal location Pos(x) and/or the longitudinal location Pos(y) ofthe load application point using any other method deemed by the skilledaddressee to be suitable.

In the embodiments described above, the bed 100 comprises a leftdeformation sensor assembly and a right deformation sensor assembly. Inan alternative embodiment, the bed 100 could instead comprise a singledeformation sensor configured for determining the transversal locationPos(x) of the load application point using the torsion caused by theload application point being located at a distance from the longitudinalcenterline of the frame.

Referring to FIG. 17, there is shown a deformation sensor 1700 whichcomprises a mounting plate 1702 adapted to be secured to a planarsurface of one of the left and right longitudinal frame members 300, 302and a strain gauge rosette 1704 mounted on the mounting plate 1702. Thestrain gauge rosette 1704 comprises a first strain gauge 1706 adapted tobe disposed parallel to the longitudinal frame member 300, 302, a secondstrain gauge 1708 disposed perpendicular to the first strain gauge 1706and a third strain gauge 1710 disposed at a 45 degree angle between thefirst and second strain gauges 1706, 1708. In this embodiment, themounting plate 1702 comprises three mounting holes 1712 a, 1712 b 1712 cdisposed in a triangular configuration and adapted to receive fasteners(now shown) to secure the mounting plate 1702 on the upper surface 650of the longitudinal frame member 300, 302 such that the mounting plate1702 is deformed similarly to the upper surface 650 of the longitudinalframe member 300, 302 both in bending and in torsion. This configurationallows the deformation sensor 1700 to measure deformation in thelongitudinal frame member 300, 302 both in bending and in torsion. Itwill be appreciated that this would allow a single deformation sensor tobe used instead of two.

To determine the longitudinal position Pos(y) of the load applicationpoint, the same method described above can be used, but applied to onlya single deformation sensor. Specifically, the following formula,simplified from formula (4), can be used:

$\begin{matrix}{{{Pos}(y)} = {\frac{L}{2}*\left( \frac{V}{VA} \right)}} & (5)\end{matrix}$

in which L is the distance between the upper leg end 342 a of the headelevation assembly 320 and the upper leg end 342 b of the foot elevationassembly 330, V is the voltage value of the deformation sensor 1700 andVA is the initial voltage value of the deformation sensor 1700.

To determine the transversal position Pos(x) of the load applicationpoint, the voltage value from the torsion measured by the strain gaugerosette 1704, or torsion voltage value, is used. In one embodiment, thetorsion voltage value varies proportionally to the distance from thelongitudinal centerline of the frame 200. It would therefore be possibleto determine the transversal location Pos(x) as a function of thetorsion voltage value using techniques similar to the techniquesdescribed above. Alternatively, the torsion voltage value may not varyproportionally to the distance from the longitudinal centerline of theframe 200. In this case, other techniques know to the skilled addresseemay be used to determine the transversal location Pos(x) of the loadapplication point.

Turning to FIG. 18, the frame 200 may be configured specifically toallow the deformation sensor to be placed in an area where deformationis maximal and even amplified, which provides a substantially moreaccurate determination of the transversal location Pos(x) of the loadapplication point. Specifically, the frame 200 could comprise a headsubframe 1800 located near the head end 102 of the bed 100 and a footsubframe 1802 located near the foot end 104 of the bed 100, the head andfoot subframes 1800, 1802 being connected together by a centrallongitudinal frame member 1804 disposed along the centerline of theframe 200. In the illustrated embodiment, the head subframe 1800comprises a left longitudinal member 1806, a right longitudinal member1808 and an end transverse member 1810 extending transversally betweenthe left and right longitudinal members 1806, 1808. Similarly, the footsubframe 1802 comprises a left longitudinal member 1812, a rightlongitudinal member 1814 and an end transverse member 1816 extendingtransversally between the left and right longitudinal members 1812,1814. The end transverse member 1816 of the foot subframe 1802 islocated towards the head subframe 1800 and the end traverse member 1810of the head subframe 1800 is located towards the foot subframe 1802. Theend transverse members 1810, 1816 are generally parallel to each otherand are connected together by the central longitudinal frame member 1804which extends generally perpendicular to the end transverse members1810, 1816. In the illustrated embodiment, the central longitudinalframe member 1804 has a generally rectangular cross-section and thedeformation sensor 1700 is secured to an upper planar surface of thecentral longitudinal frame member 1804.

When assembled together, the head subframe 1800, the foot subframe 1802and the central longitudinal frame member 1804 have about the samedimensions as the frame of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 6B, andare adapted to support a patient support assembly similar to the patientsupport assembly 108 shown in FIG. 1. However, the configuration of theframe 200 illustrated in FIG. 18 makes it more flexible in torsion thanthe frame 200 of the bed 100 shown in FIGS. 1 to 6B because a singlebeam-like member with a rectangular cross-section such as the centrallongitudinal frame member has less resistance to torsion than the twospaced-apart longitudinal frame members of the frame illustrated inFIGS. 1 to 6B, as a skilled person will appreciate. Since the frameprovides larger deformations in torsion at the central longitudinalframe member, it also allows more accurate measurements to be taken bythe deformation sensor.

Now turning back to FIG. 10, the bed 100 further comprises a weightmeasurement system for measuring the weight of the patient lying on thebed 100. It will be appreciated that this system is distinct from thedeformation sensors 600 described above. The deformation sensors 600 maynot provide a weight measurement with a sufficient precision. In such acase where a relatively higher degree of precision is desired, theweight measurement system can be provided on the bed 100. Specifically,the weight measurement system is provided in the base 106 of the bed100.

In the illustrated embodiment, the base 106 is generally rectangular andcomprises a fixed frame 900 and a suspended frame 902 movably connectedto the fixed frame 900. The suspended frame 902 comprises parallel leftand right longitudinal members 904, 906 and parallel head and foottransversal members 908, 910 which extend between and connect the leftand right longitudinal members 904, 906 at the head and foot ends 102,104 of the bed 100, respectively. More specifically, the leftlongitudinal member 904 is connected to the head transversal member 908at a left head corner 912 of the suspended frame 902 and to the foottransversal member 910 at a left foot corner 914 of the suspended frame902. Similarly, the right longitudinal member 906 is connected to thehead transversal member 908 at a right head corner 916 of the suspendedframe 902 and to the foot transversal member 910 at a right foot corner918 of the suspended frame 902.

In the illustrated embodiment, each one of the left and rightlongitudinal members 904, 906 and each one of the head and foottransversal members 908, 910 is hollow and has a generally rectangularcross-section. It will be appreciated that this configuration providesthe suspended frame 902 with relatively good resistance to bending andtorsion while allowing the suspended frame 902 to have a relatively lowweight.

The suspended frame 902 further includes corner braces 920 connectingadjacent transversal and longitudinal members. The corner braces bracethe suspended frame by maintaining the transversal members perpendicularto the longitudinal members, and are also adapted to be pivotablyconnected to the lower ends 500 of the pivoting links 346. The suspendedframe 902 further comprises head and foot actuator brackets 922, 924extending downwardly from the head and foot transversal members,respectively. The head actuator bracket 922 is adapted to be pivotablyconnected to the elevation actuator 334 of the head elevation assembly320 and the foot actuator bracket 924 is adapted to be pivotablyconnected to the elevation actuator 334 of the foot elevation assembly320. Still in the illustrated embodiment, the suspended frame 902further comprises a pair of longitudinal tracks secured to the left andright longitudinal members 904, 906. The longitudinal tracks are adaptedto slidably receive the lower end 344 of the pivoting leg members 332 ofthe elevation assembly 110.

In this configuration, the entire elevation assembly 110 is thereforeconnected to the suspended frame 902 via the elevation actuators 334,the pivoting leg members 332 and the pivoting links 346 of the elevationassembly 110. More specifically, the elevation assembly 110 is onlyconnected to the fixed frame 900 indirectly via the suspended frame 902,as will be explained further below.

Still referring to FIG. 9, the fixed frame 900 comprises parallel leftand right longitudinal members 950, 952 and parallel head and foottransversal members 954, 956 which extend between and connect the leftand right longitudinal members 950, 952 at the head and foot ends 102,104 of the bed 100, respectively.

Turning to FIG. 11, the longitudinal members 950, 952 have a generallyinverted J-shaped cross-section and include vertical outer and innersidewalls 1100, 1102 and a top wall 1104 extending horizontally betweenthe outer and inner walls 1100, 1102. The distance between the left andright longitudinal members 904, 906 of the suspended frame and the leftand right longitudinal members 950, 952 of the fixed frame 900 areselected such that the left and right longitudinal members 904, 906 ofthe suspended frame 902 are respectively received within the left andright longitudinal members 950, 952 of the fixed frame 900. The fixedframe 900 and the suspended frame 902 therefore extend generally in acommon horizontal plane P. This configuration allows the base 106 to berelatively compact.

Referring back to FIG. 10, the head and foot transversal members 954,956 of the fixed frame 900 have a U-shaped cross-section and are spacedfrom each other by a distance D₁, while the head and foot transversalmembers 908, 910 of the suspended frame 902 are spaced from each otherby a distance D₂ which is smaller than the distance D₁. Thisconfiguration allows the suspended frame 902 to fit within the fixedframe 900. Specifically, the distances D₁ and D₂ are selected such thatthe head transversal member 908 of the suspended frame 902 is adjacentthe head transversal member 954 of the fixed frame 900, and that thefoot transversal member 910 of the suspended frame 902 is adjacent thefoot transversal member 956 of the fixed frame 900.

The base 106 further comprises a plurality of load sensors which areadapted to connect the suspended base 902 to the fixed base 900 whileproviding an indication of the weight on the bed 100. In the illustratedembodiment, the base 106 includes four load sensors 960, each disposednear one of the corners 912, 914, 916, 918 of the suspended frame 902.

Referring now to FIG. 12, each load sensor 960 comprises a connectingplate 1200 having a U-shaped slit 1202 which defines a cantileveredtongue portion 1204 and one or more strain gauges, not shown,operatively connected to the cantilevered tongue portion 1204. Theconnecting plate 1200 is fastened to the underside of one of the headand foot transversal elements 908, 910 of the suspended frame 902, andis cantilevered outwardly towards the corresponding transversal member954, 956 of the fixed frame 900.

A suspension member or bolt 1206 is inserted through the transversalmember 954, 956 of the fixed frame 900 and through an opening 1208 inthe cantilevered tongue portion 1204, and is secured to the cantileveredtongue portion 1204 with a nut 1210.

It will be appreciated that to obtain precise weight measurements, itmay be desirable to have very little movement of the connecting plate1200 relative to the suspended frame 902. In the illustrated embodiment,the connecting plate 1200 is fastened to the suspended frame 902 withfour bolts 1212 and corresponding nuts 1214. A spacer 1216 is furtherprovided between the transversal member 910 of the suspended frame 902and the connecting plate 1200 to space the connecting plate 1200 fromthe suspended frame 902. Alternatively, the connecting plate 1200 couldbe connected fastened to the suspended frame using a different number ofbolts, or using another type of attachment known to the skilledaddressee.

An annular spacer 1218 is also provided on the suspension bolt 1206,between the connecting plate 1200 and the transversal member 956 of thefixed frame 900, to reduce or eliminate play between the suspended frame902 and the fixed frame 900. This is particularly useful when liftingthe bed and during transportation or impact so as not to damage the loadsensors 960.

Referring to FIG. 13, the suspension bolt 1206 has a head 1300 and abolt body 1301 which extends away from the head 1300. In the illustratedembodiment, the head 1300 is conical and is adapted to abut an edge 1302of a hole 1304 in the transversal member 956 of the fixed frame 900.Specifically, the head 1300 has an upper end 1306, a lower end 1308 anda lower surface 1310 extending between the upper and lower ends 1304,1306 which tapers towards the bolt body 1301. In this configuration, theupper end 1304 has as first diameter and the lower end 1306 has a seconddiameter smaller than the first diameter. Still in the illustratedembodiment, the hole 1304 is circular and has a third diameter which issmaller than the first diameter but greater than the second diameter,such that the lower end 1306 of the head 1300 is located below the edge1302 of the hole 1304 but the upper end 1304 of the head 1300 is locatedabove the edge 1302. In this configuration, the suspension bolt 1206therefore has only tangential contact with the fixed frame 900, therebyminimizing friction between the suspension bolt 1206 and the fixed frame900 which may disturb the weight measurements. It will further beappreciated that the weight of the bed 100 pushes the head 1300downwardly into tangential contact with the edge 1302 to thereforesubstantially eliminate all lateral movement of the suspended frame 902relative to the fixed frame 900 without restraining the suspended frame902 vertically. Alternatively, the suspension bolt 1206 may have aspherical or semi-spherical head, or a head having any other shape thathas a lower surface that converges downwardly such that it would onlytangentially contact the edge 1302 of the hole 1304.

It will be appreciated that in this configuration, the entire weight ofthe bed 100 rests on the suspension bolts 1206. Changes in weight on thebed 100 will cause changes in the deflection of the cantilevered tongueportion 1204 relative to the connecting plate 1200, resulting in achange in the impedance of the strain gauges. In one embodiment, a knowninput voltage is applied to the strain gauges and an output signal fromthe strain gauges varies as the resistance of the strain gauges vary toprovide a signal indicative of the load applied to the load sensor 960.It will be appreciated, however, that other load sensors mayalternatively be used, wherein such alternative load sensors includeLinear Variable Displacement Transducers (LVDTs) and/or other weightdetection devices operable in accordance with known capacitive,inductive, or other physical principles. All such alternative weightdetection devices are contemplated herein. Example load cells which canbe appropriately used by the person skilled in the art include co-planarbeam load cell model 380 manufactured by Vishay Precision Group Inc.(Malvern, U.S.A.) and type PB planar beam load cell manufactured byFlintec Inc. (Hudson, U.S.A.).

It will be appreciated that the loads sensors 960 are provided in thebase 106, where they are relatively protected. Furthermore, even if thesupport panels 252, 254, 256, 258 of the patient support surface 250 arepartially angled, a compensation in the calculations to estimate theweight will not be necessary.

Alternatively, the load sensor 960 may not comprise connecting platesand suspension bolts. The suspended frame 902 may instead be suspendedfrom the fixed frame 900 via tie-rods, chains, cables, grommet or othersuspension devices considered suitable by the skilled addressee.

In another embodiment, this weight measuring system can be retrofittedto any known hospital bed or equipment by a service person. Suchequipment can be a wheel chair, lifting and transfer equipment, etc.Calibration can be done on site by qualified personal.

A hospital bed is used to illustrate the examples described herein.However, other patient support devices, such as stretchers, adjustablechairs, home-care beds, etc., are also suitable for use with thedescribed systems. Moreover, the term “patient” is not intended to belimiting, and can be taken to apply to any user of the support device,such as an individual undergoing short-term, medium-term or long-termcare, a hospital patient, a nursing home resident, etc.

The embodiments described above are intended to be exemplary only. Thescope of the invention is therefore intended to be limited solely by theappended claims.

1-13. (canceled)
 14. A hospital bed comprising: a base; a patientsupport assembly including a frame and a patient support surfacesupported on the frame, the frame having a pair of longitudinal framemembers and at least one transversal frame member extending between thelongitudinal frame members; an elevation assembly for selectivelyraising and lowering the patient support assembly relative to the base,the elevation assembly having a lower end connected to the base and anupper end connected to the at least one transversal frame member; atleast one deformation sensor secured to the longitudinal frame members,said at least one deformation sensor being adapted to generate a signalindicative of a deformation of said longitudinal frame members; alocation determination unit operatively connected to said at least onedeformation sensor for receiving the signal therefrom and fordetermining at least one of a lateral and longitudinal patient locationon the patient support assembly based on said deformation of saidlongitudinal frame members.
 15. The hospital bed as claimed in claim 14,wherein the at least one transversal member includes a first transversalmember located near a head end of the bed and a second transversalmember located near a foot end of the bed.
 16. The hospital bed asclaimed in claim 15, wherein the at least one deformation sensor ispositioned halfway between the first transversal member and the secondtransversal member.
 17. The hospital bed as claimed in claim 14, whereineach one of the at least one deformation sensor is secured to an upperplanar surface of the corresponding longitudinal frame member.
 18. Thehospital bed as claimed in claim 17, wherein the at least onedeformation sensor includes two deformation sensors.
 19. The hospitalbed as claimed in claim 18, wherein the two deformation sensors includesa left deformation sensor secured to a left longitudinal frame member ofthe frame and a right deformation sensor secured to a right longitudinalframe member of the frame.
 20. The hospital bed as claimed in claim 14,wherein the elevation assembly includes a head elevation assemblylocated near a head end of the bed and a foot elevation assembly locatednear a foot end of the bed.
 21. The hospital bed as claimed in claim 20,wherein each one of the head and foot elevation assemblies includes: apair of pivoting leg members, each pivoting leg member having an upperleg end pivotably connected to a respective one of the longitudinalframe members and a lower leg end pivotably and movably connected to thebase; a transverse elevation member extending between the pivoting legmembers; and an elevation actuator having a lower end pivotablyconnected to the base and an upper end pivotably connected to thetransverse elevation member.
 22. A system for determining a location ofa patient on a hospital bed, the hospital bed having a patient supportassembly supported on a frame, the system comprising: at least onedeformation sensor removably secured to the frame, the at least onedeformation sensor being adapted to generate a signal indicative of adeformation of said frame; a location determination unit operativelyconnected to said at least one deformation sensor for receiving thesignal therefrom and for determining at least one of a lateral andlongitudinal patient location on the patient support assembly based onsaid deformation of said frame.
 23. The system as claimed in claim 22,wherein each one of the at least one deformation sensor is removablysecured to a longitudinal frame member of the frame.
 24. The system asclaimed in claim 23, wherein each one of the at least one deformationsensor comprises a mounting plate removably secured to the correspondinglongitudinal frame member and at least one strain gauge mounted on themounting plate.
 25. The system as claimed in claim 24, wherein themounting plate is removably secured to an upper planar surface of thelongitudinal frame member and is disposed parallel thereto.
 26. Thesystem as claimed in claim 25, wherein the mounting plate is elongatedand defines a longitudinal centerline, the mounting plate being disposedsuch that the longitudinal centerline is parallel to a longitudinal axisof the longitudinal frame member.
 27. The system as claimed in claim 26,wherein the at least one deformation sensor includes at least one straingauge mounted parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the mountingplate and at least one strain gauge mounted perpendicular to thelongitudinal centerline.
 28. The system as claimed in claim 27, whereinthe at least one deformation sensor includes two strain gauges mountedparallel to the longitudinal centerline of the mounting plate and twostrain gauges mounted perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline. 29.The system as claimed in claim 26, wherein the mounting plate furtherincludes at least two mounting holes located along the longitudinalcenterline, each one of the at least two fasteners being adapted toreceive a fastener for removably securing the mounting plate to thelongitudinal frame member.
 30. The system as claimed in claim 22,further comprising at least one casing covering the at least onedeformation sensors.
 31. The system as claimed in claim 30, wherein thecasing is rectangular.
 32. The system as claimed in claim 30, whereinthe casing further includes a flange extending from a first end thereofand a fastener adapted to be inserted through the flange for securingthe casing to the longitudinal frame member.